Sep 3, 2014

QAPI: A Steep Learning Curve for Many

By · Leave a Comment

Compliance Conceptual MeterI am becoming increasingly concerned that many, if not most, post-acute/long-term care organizations are poorly prepared to embrace the requirements of the looming Quality Assessment Performance Improvement (QAPI) reporting requirements mandated by the Affordable Care Act. I base that conviction on how much I have learned over the past few years working with my colleague, Nathan Ives, of Strategy Driven Enterprises, LLC.

A graduate of the United States Naval Academy, for over two decades Nathan has been immersed in the world of quality assessment, performance improvement and regulatory compliance as each has applied to the nuclear power industry. He has held several influential positions at the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO) and has led teams of nuclear operations professionals in the performance evaluation of over 24 nuclear electric generating stations from 20 utilities in the United States, Canada, and Japan. He also led the nuclear industry’s effort to redefine performance standards in the areas of organizational alignment, managerial decision-making, plant operations, and risk management.

For the past two years, Nathan has been working with my Artower colleague, Terri Williams, RN, on developing EviQual™, a turnkey regulatory compliance solution that PA/LTC organizations can use to create a QAPI program. Terri has nearly 30 years of experience as a practitioner, educator and advocate for quality improvement and patient safety at PA/LTC facilities. Now, as a I have neither an operational engineering nor clinical background, for me it has been a fascinating learning experience. And what I have learned primarily is that QAPI – as understood from how it has been applied in other industries – is an entirely different approach to outcome quality and patient safety than what most PA/LTC organizations are currently familiar with.

Whereas historically those organizations have focused a great deal of attention on observing, recording and diagnosing the cause(s) of adverse events, the whole point of a quality assessment program is to proactively diagnose existing practices, policies and performance to create an environment in which such events don’t happen in the first place. It is a paradigm shift in thinking and approach that for most organizations must be accompanied by changes in organizational culture.

That’s why in creating EviQual™ we have sought to leverage the already existing knowledgebase of what has been proven effective in improving quality and safety in an industry that has many parallels with healthcare. In fact, Nathan and I collaborated on a white paper  some time ago on the applicability of lessons learned in the nuclear power industry to aligning healthcare organizations via quality and performance improvement.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has made available QAPI at a Glance, a step-by-step guide focusing on 12 core elements ranging from organizational sponsorship and leadership to tactical  program implementation. A very well written accompaniment to that guide was just recently completed as a series of articles for Long-Term Care Magazine by Nell Griffin, LPN, EdM. Both are wonderful resources if you are new to understanding QAPI and the important ramifications it will have on PA/LTC organizations.

The first step in the 12-step process for implementing a QAPI program focuses on leadership, responsibility and accountability. What this requires is the active and committed sponsorship of the QAPI process by senior executives and board members. So when I hear leadership teams at PA/LTC organizations say they are confident their clinical teams are proactively addressing the QAPI requirements, I can’t help but fear those organizations have already stumbled out of the gate.

Cheers,
  ~ Sparky

.

Filed Under: Quality Assessment & Performance Improvement · Tagged: , , , , ,
Aug 24, 2013

QAPI ~ Ready (or Not?)

By · Leave a Comment

2013-01-09_14251sI have been receiving a fair amount of anecdotal intelligence that many post-acute/long-term care providers are not at all prepared to implement the Affordable Care Act’s QAPI when (still waiting . . . ) those regulations ultimately get published. So I thought sharing this post again might be useful.

Section 6102(c) of the Affordable Care Act – Quality Assurance and Performance Improvement Program (or QAPI) requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services (as delegated to CMS) to, “establish and implement a quality assurance and performance improvement program …” and to, “…establish standards relating to quality assurance and performance improvement with respect to [nursing] facilities and provide technical assistance to facilities on the development of best practices in order to meet such standards.“

Last Friday CMS released a memorandum to state survey agency directors announcing the rollout of electronic assistance and compliance-oriented materials on the QAPI website. HHS/CMS has still not yet published the condition of participation regulation that will provide nursing facilities with compliance guidance (facilities were to have already been compliant in March of this year), but there already exists comparable regulations for other healthcare provider types that will serve as a template. Once that regulation is finally published nursing care providers will have one year to develop an acceptable QAPI plan.

QAPI compliance for nursing facilities is not entirely new. The nursing facility QAPI is based in part on existing Quality Assessment and Assurance (QA&A) regulations. However, the new planning and reporting provision significantly expands the level and scope of QAPI activities that nursing facilities must enact in order to ensure they continually identify and correct quality deficiencies as well as sustain performance improvement.

It is a tad ironic that in promoting a key differentiator between historic, traditional quality assurance – now being coupled with performance improvement – that while quality assurance is to be viewed as a requirement and reactive, performance improvement should be viewed as discretionary and proactive. Never mind that performance improvement is being mandated as part of the QAPI program. Sort of like being able to choose any whole number between zero and two, right?

Anyway, I really fear that for a lot of nursing facilities – particularly smaller and/or single site organizations – this requirement is going to sneak up on them. And the true impact of that reality will not just be the regulatory and economic consequences but the lost opportunity to utilize the QAPI process to drive better quality, higher safety and better outcomes – while lowering the overall cost of care.

There are two ways to view the new QAPI requirement: another onerous regulation designed to burden caregivers with unnecessary compliance requirements at additional cost; or an opportunity to sponsor and embrace a process that – if done strategically and conscientiously – should improve productivity and efficiency while strengthening market position based on quality and outcome characteristics.

So my counsel is don’t wait for the regulation to be promulgated. Start now to learn and understand the tools that have already been made available. CMS has stated that, once provided, the QAPI formal regulation will not contradict the materials that have already been developed and provided.

And for those organizations that are truly interested in taking a strategic approach to developing a continuous quality improvement system that has the complimentary advantage of combining regulatory compliance with value-driven financial performance, please review the white paper that I drafted with colleague Nathan Ives of StraegyDriven Consulting, Aligning Healthcare Organizations: Lessons in Improved Quality and Efficiency from the Nuclear Power Industry.

Cheers,
  Sparky

Filed Under: ACA Implementation, Quality Assessment & Performance Improvement · Tagged: , , , , , ,
Jun 25, 2013

Health Insurance Exchanges: 4th & 10

By · Leave a Comment

OFIf you haven’t already heard, the Department of Health and Human Services is in active negotiations with the National Football League to leverage its broad reaching media platform to promote and grow awareness about the impending online health insurance exchanges. The exchanges (or marketplaces, as HHS arbitrarily decided to begin calling them back in January of this year) are really the pinnacle upon which much of the long-term economic success or failure of the Affordable Care Act rests.

The exchanges are to consist of regulated and standardized healthcare plans from which individuals will be able to purchase health insurance that is eligible for federal subsidies. Only 17 states have so far opted to develop their own exchanges (including DC), while an additional 7 are developing partnership exchanges with participation of the federal government. That leaves another 27 states that have chosen to have the federal government develop and administrate exchanges on their behalves. Thus, we could have Terry Bradshaw and Dan Marino now benefitting from both sides of the healthcare paradigm: Nutrisystem on one side and insuring against the consequences of obesity and diabetes on the other.

And in what is no doubt another unintended irony of federal healthcare policy HHS will be choosing to utilize a marketing platform in which the primary communicators are specifically restricted from discussing the health of the individuals playing the game being featured (i.e., due to HIPAA requirements). Just imagine Joe Buck describing the action this fall.

“Ow! That was a tough hit Troy.  I’m not wanting to speculate on whether his knee normally bends all the way forward like that or not, but given where his foot is now resting I’m thinking that hypothetically such a condition could constitute an injury. And hey, while they are carrying away the player whose condition is confidential on a stretcher, this gives us a chance to pause here and remind everyone that you probably shouldn’t wait until your ligaments are shredded before you take advantage of the wonderful discounts now being offered in your state insurance market, er, or I mean exchange . . . did I get that right, Troy?”

Let’s face it: the federal government just doesn’t do marketing very well. As opposed to all of the things it does do very well, right? Wrote it before you thought it. But there have been some notable exceptions too, the source for many of those being the National Ad Council (remember the Crying Indian from the Keep America Beautiful Campaign of 1971?) I still can’t watch that ad without tearing up. Where did that type of talent go and why isn’t such creativity being employed to promote the benefits of the ACA?

Beyond just marketing, the lack of effective communication for the Affordable Care Act has been a complaint of mine dating back four summers ago when the ACA was still a bill being debated in town halls and at dinner tables across the country.  The number one search string for this blog continues to be queries regarding whether or not the ACA will ration knee replacements for seniors. Think there’s a need for more education and awareness?

We have had two presidential administrations now with weak communication skills. In George Bush we had a president whose every public appearance offered new and imaginative ways to use the English language. Now with President Obama we have someone who, to me, frankly just doesn’t seem to like being around people. Now that’s a general disposition I can certainly appreciate – but how one reconciles that disposition with a desire to be effective in public office is a little more difficult to understand.

Invariably, the ultimate effectiveness of a public policy will be more indebted to its implementation than its design. We have seen this administration step on rake after rake in developing marketing and communication strategies that reflect its own arrogance and disconnect with understanding simple yet common realities – like concern over whether or not someone is going to be able to get a knee replacement.

I have read that a primary strategy of leveraging sporting venues such as the NFL to promote the insurance exchanges is to target young, healthy men – who actuarially are less likely to need healthcare. In order for any insurance pool to be financially viable you have to have enough folks paying in that will never get paid out. That makes sense in theory, but think of this: how do the guys you see in all of the beer commercials ran during NFL games compare to the guys sitting around watching the game with you?

Just sayin’

Cheers,
  Sparky

Filed Under: ACA Implementation, Health Insurance Exchanges · Tagged: , , , ,
Dec 26, 2012

Healthcare 2013: Get Ready for a Wild Ride!

By · Leave a Comment

cedar-point-4With the impending blizzard ready to ruin, or at least significantly delay, one of my favorite holiday traditions – taking down the outside lights and decorations – this seems like a good time to throw another log on the Pub’s corner stove and set upon contemplating what’s just around the bend.  With implementation of the Affordable Care Act now ready to swing into full motion in 2013, might as well use this downtime to start preparing for the wild ride ahead.  So here are a few items on the horizon.

Fiscal Cliff Resolution
As written about here before, how Congress and the Administration resolve – or don’t – the Fiscal Cliff will significantly impact implementation of the Affordable Care Act in 2013.  Neither political party wants to risk being blamed for going over the cliff; yet neither wants to be blamed for, “giving in” on principles.  The resolution? Why, kick the can over Father Time’s head, landing squarely in Baby New Year’s lap once again, of course.  That means having temporary legislation in place to avoid the most feared short-term economic impacts (e.g., avoidance of broad income tax increases, extension of unemployment benefits and forestalling the nearly 30% reduction in Medicare payments to physicians).

Unfortunately, what it is does not mean is any real sense of stability or reliable framework for budgeting and appropriating funds.  Though funding for many of the ACA provisions was appropriated as part of the Act, the interconnected nature of the federal budget means that discretionary funding will still have a great impact on HHS departmental planning and implementation.

Further, it is likely that any meaningful and sustainable fiscal policy compromise will involve some legislative modification to the ACA – i.e., particularly in lieu of the need to control entitlement spending.  So until a long-term bargain can be reached there will continue to be a lot of uncertainty on the actual means, methods and timing regarding key provisions of the ACA.  Notwithstanding such uncertainty, below are a few of the more significant items that are supposed to be implemented in 2013.

Health Insurance Exchanges
Health Insurance Exchanges (HIEs) must be certified and operational by January 1, 2014.  At the latest count,  upwards of 30 states have opted not to establish health insurance exchanges on their own, which by default means the federal government will have to set up HIEs in those states.  While portions of the underlying technological and operational infrastructure can be duplicated from state to state, there is still an enormous implementation effort beyond what was anticipated.  Implementation will likely be delayed even with a fiscal agreement in place.  Likely too, will be modification to the Minimum Essential Benefits definition in lieu of projected exchange plan pricing.

The HIEs will get a lot of media attention in 2013 because of the direct impact they will have on millions of individuals and the lightening rod they are likely to become as a portended bell weather of ACA failure once implementation challenges and frustrations emerge.  At the same time, private insurance exchanges – seizing the opportunity to gain comparative perceptual market advantage – will flourish.

Medicaid Expansion
To be – or not to be – morally supportive of providing access to life saving healthcare to your poorest citizens, that is, as some have framed the debate over Medicaid expansion.  Effective January 1, 2014, Medicaid coverage is to be expanded to include individuals between the ages of 19 up to 65 (parents, and adults without dependent children) with incomes up to 138%  of the Federal Poverty Level (based on modified adjusted gross income).

More than likely, most states will find it politically unpalatable to opt out of the federal expansion once the dollars begin flowing out of Washington.  But as written here before, Medicaid coverage is a particularly sharp problem within a thicket of thorny policy challenges.  It behooves any healthcare provider with exposure to Medicaid (i.e., particularly those PA/LTC providers) to be very aggressive in staying informed regarding state Medicaid program policy developments over the next two years.

Medicare Bundled Payment Program
Payment bundling is perhaps one of the most confusing concepts in a sea of confusion that is healthcare policy because the concept both actively precedes and  transcends the ACA.  Pilot programs and demonstration projects testing whether paying multiple providers a lump sum to coordinate treatment and care of a patient for a defined condition and/or disease have been met with mixed results.  Still, provider enthusiasm to participate in such programs seems to be growing.

The difference in 2013 is that the ACA mandates CMS to begin a Medicare bundled payment pilot program to begin in January and run for five years.  The impetus of this initiative is try and drive broader, sustainable alignment across providers.  This is a voluntary program requiring application and must include a hospital, physician group, skilled nursing facility, and home health agency.  Only one entity (the contracting organization) will be responsible for allocating the payment among all providers.

To be sure, there will continue to be significant discussion, disagreement and controversy on the long-term viability of payment bundling, from both an economic and patient quality/safety perspective.  But from a more pragmatic, short-term financial vantage, providers interested in staying in business would do well to at least begin to understand what payment bundling will mean to them in the near future.

Tax Provisions in 2013
There are also a number of ACA revenue (i.e., tax) provisions that will take effect in 2013.  These include:

  • Itemized individual deductions threshold on medical expenses will go from 7.5% to 10% of AGI
  • New limit on flexible spending account for medial expenses will be set to $2,500 per year
  • Increase in Medicare Part A tax rate on wages goes from 0.9% to 2.35% on earnings over $200,000 for individuals and $250,000 for married couple filing jointly (plus a  3.8% assessment on unearned income of higher-income individuals)
  • Elimination of tax-deduction for employers receiving Medicare Part D retiree subsidy
  • Excise tax of 2.3% on the sale of taxable medical devices

    There are more provisions in 2013 worth knowing and understanding, and Kaiser’s Health Reform Source provides a sharp, interactive means of tracking these here.  Those mentioned above are just a few that should get immediate and highest priority as healthcare providers.

    Cheers,
      Sparky

Filed Under: ACA Implementation, Helpful Advice · Tagged: , , , ,